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- ppppggggmmmmccccrrrraaaatttteeeerrrr((((1111)))) XXXXEEEENNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((11115555 OOOOccccttttoooobbbbeeeerrrr 1111999999991111)))) ppppggggmmmmccccrrrraaaatttteeeerrrr((((1111))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- pgmcrater - create cratered terrain by fractal forgery
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- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ppppggggmmmmccccrrrraaaatttteeeerrrr [----nnnnuuuummmmbbbbeeeerrrr _n] [----hhhheeeeiiiigggghhhhtttt|----yyyyssssiiiizzzzeeee _s] [----wwwwiiiiddddtttthhhh|----xxxxssssiiiizzzzeeee _s]
- [----ggggaaaammmmmmmmaaaa _g]
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- ppppggggmmmmccccrrrraaaatttteeeerrrr creates a portable graymap which mimics cratered
- terrain. The graymap is created by simulating the impact of
- a given number of craters with random position and size,
- then rendering the resulting terrain elevations based on a
- light source shining from one side of the screen. The size
- distribution of the craters is based on a power law which
- results in many more small craters than large ones. The
- number of craters of a given size varies as the reciprocal
- of the area as described on pages 31 and 32 of Peitgen and
- Saupe[1]; cratered bodies in the Solar System are observed
- to obey this relationship. The formula used to obtain
- crater radii governed by this law from a uniformly
- distributed pseudorandom sequence was developed by Rudy
- Rucker.
-
- High resolution images with large numbers of craters often
- benefit from being piped through ppppnnnnmmmmssssmmmmooooooootttthhhh. The averaging
- performed by this process eliminates some of the jagged
- pixels and lends a mellow ``telescopic image'' feel to the
- overall picture.
-
- OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
- ----nnnnuuuummmmbbbbeeeerrrr _n Causes _n craters to be generated. If no ----nnnnuuuummmmbbbbeeeerrrr
- specification is given, 50000 craters will be
- generated. Don't expect to see them all! For
- every large crater there are many, many more tiny
- ones which tend simply to erode the landscape. In
- general, the more craters you specify the more
- realistic the result; ideally you want the entire
- terrain to have been extensively turned over again
- and again by cratering. High resolution images
- containing five to ten million craters are
- stunning but take quite a while to create.
-
- ----hhhheeeeiiiigggghhhhtttt _h_e_i_g_h_t
- Sets the height of the generated image to _h_e_i_g_h_t
- pixels. The default height is 256 pixels.
-
- ----wwwwiiiiddddtttthhhh _w_i_d_t_h
- Sets the width of the generated image to _w_i_d_t_h
- pixels. The default width is 256 pixels.
-
- ----xxxxssssiiiizzzzeeee _w_i_d_t_h
- Sets the width of the generated image to _w_i_d_t_h
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- Page 1 (printed 9/7/93)
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- ppppggggmmmmccccrrrraaaatttteeeerrrr((((1111)))) XXXXEEEENNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((11115555 OOOOccccttttoooobbbbeeeerrrr 1111999999991111)))) ppppggggmmmmccccrrrraaaatttteeeerrrr((((1111))))
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- pixels. The default width is 256 pixels.
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- ----yyyyssssiiiizzzzeeee _h_e_i_g_h_t
- Sets the height of the generated image to _h_e_i_g_h_t
- pixels. The default height is 256 pixels.
-
- ----ggggaaaammmmmmmmaaaa _f_a_c_t_o_r
- The specified _f_a_c_t_o_r is used to gamma correct the
- graymap in the same manner as performed by
- ppppnnnnmmmmggggaaaammmmmmmmaaaa. The default value is 1.0, which results
- in a medium contrast image. Values larger than 1
- lighten the image and reduce contrast, while
- values less than 1 darken the image, increasing
- contrast.
-
- All flags can be abbreviated to their shortest unique
- prefix.
-
- BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
- The ----ggggaaaammmmmmmmaaaa option isn't really necessary since you can
- achieve the same effect by piping the output from ppppggggmmmmccccrrrraaaatttteeeerrrr
- through ppppnnnnmmmmggggaaaammmmmmmmaaaa. However, ppppggggmmmmccccrrrraaaatttteeeerrrr performs an internal
- gamma map anyway in the process of rendering the elevation
- array into a graymap, so there's no additional overhead in
- allowing a user-specified gamma.
-
- Real craters have two distinct morphologies. ppppggggmmmmccccrrrraaaatttteeeerrrr
- simulates only small craters, which are hemispherical in
- shape (regardless of the incidence angle of the impacting
- body, as long as the velocity is sufficiently high). Large
- craters, such as Copernicus and Tycho on the Moon, have a
- ``walled plain'' shape with a cross-section more like:
- /\ /\
- _____/ \____________/\____________/ \_____
- Larger craters should really use this profile, including the
- central peak, and totally obliterate the pre-existing
- terrain.
-
- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- ppppggggmmmm(5), ppppnnnnmmmmggggaaaammmmmmmmaaaa(1), ppppnnnnmmmmssssmmmmooooooootttthhhh(1)
-
- [1] Peitgen, H.-O., and Saupe, D. eds., The Science Of
- Fractal Images, New York: Springer Verlag, 1988.
-
- AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRR
- John Walker
- Autodesk SA
- Avenue des Champs-Montants 14b
- CH-2074 MARIN
- Suisse/Schweiz/Svizzera/Svizra/Switzerland
- Usenet: kelvin@Autodesk.com
- Fax: 038/33 88 15
-
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- Page 2 (printed 9/7/93)
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- ppppggggmmmmccccrrrraaaatttteeeerrrr((((1111)))) XXXXEEEENNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((11115555 OOOOccccttttoooobbbbeeeerrrr 1111999999991111)))) ppppggggmmmmccccrrrraaaatttteeeerrrr((((1111))))
-
-
-
- Voice: 038/33 76 33
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
- software and its documentation for any purpose and without
- fee is hereby granted, without any conditions or
- restrictions. This software is provided ``as is'' without
- express or implied warranty.
-
- PPPPLLLLUUUUGGGGWWWWAAAARRRREEEE!!!! If you like this kind of stuff, you may also enjoy
- ``James Gleick's Chaos--The Software'' for MS-DOS, available
- for $59.95 from your local software store or directly from
- Autodesk, Inc., Attn: Science Series, 2320 Marinship Way,
- Sausalito, CA 94965, USA. Telephone: (800) 688-2344 toll-
- free or, outside the U.S. (415) 332-2344 Ext 4886. Fax:
- (415) 289-4718. ``Chaos--The Software'' includes a more
- comprehensive fractal forgery generator which creates
- three-dimensional landscapes as well as clouds and planets,
- plus five more modules which explore other aspects of Chaos.
- The user guide of more than 200 pages includes an
- introduction by James Gleick and detailed explanations by
- Rudy Rucker of the mathematics and algorithms used by each
- program.
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- Page 3 (printed 9/7/93)
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